Appealing at the Upper Tribunal (after First-tier refusal)

This guide explains how the Upper Tribunal differs from the First-tier Tribunal — specifically that it reviews legal errors rather than rehearsing the whole case — and walks users through every stage: identifying grounds of appeal (error of law), completing Form IAFT-5 within strict deadlines, researching relevant case law, and preparing for the hearing. It includes practical action sections with form-filling tips, submission deadlines (14 days in-UK / 28 days outside), contact details, and worked examples of common legal errors such as wrong standard of proof, ignored evidence, and procedural unfairness. The guide is aimed at people navigating the process with limited or no legal representation, though it consistently recommends seeking legal advice where possible. It does not cover judicial reviews or new asylum/human rights submissions to the Home Office, which are addressed in separate toolkit pages.